/* Persistent IELTS navigation and touch galleries. */
.learning-close,.learning-backdrop{display:none}
.learning-enhanced:not(.learning-menu-open) .learning-nav{display:none!important}
.learning-shell.learning-enhanced main.container{margin-left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;padding-left:24px!important;padding-top:76px!important}
.image-grid.swipe-gallery{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:0;padding:0;max-height:none;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scrollbar-width:thin;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;aspect-ratio:auto}
.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 100%;width:100%;min-width:0;aspect-ratio:4/3;max-height:70vh;scroll-snap-align:start;scroll-snap-stop:always;border:0;border-radius:0}
.image-grid.swipe-gallery img{width:100%;height:100%!important;max-height:70vh!important;object-fit:contain}
.gallery-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:18px;margin:8px 0;font-size:.85rem}
.gallery-controls button,.media-lightbox button,.news-reader button{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;border:1px solid #a3b5bf;border-radius:10px;padding:8px 12px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);color:var(--ds-text,#203246)}
button:disabled{opacity:.4;cursor:default}
.media-lightbox,.news-reader{position:fixed;inset:0;width:100%;height:100dvh;max-width:none;max-height:none;margin:0;border:0;padding:0}
.media-lightbox::backdrop,.news-reader::backdrop{background:#080d18eF}
.media-lightbox{background:#080d18;color:#fff;overflow:hidden}
.media-lightbox[open]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.media-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:64px;padding:10px max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-right)) 10px max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-left))}
.media-toolbar>span{margin-right:auto}
.media-stage{flex:1;min-height:0;overflow:hidden;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;touch-action:pinch-zoom}
.media-stage img{max-width:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain;user-select:none}
.media-stage.is-zoomed{display:block;overflow:auto;touch-action:pan-x pan-y pinch-zoom}
.media-stage.is-zoomed img{width:200%;max-width:none;height:auto;max-height:none}
.media-prev,.media-next{position:absolute;top:50%;background:#152334cc!important;color:#fff!important}.media-prev{left:12px}.media-next{right:12px}
.news-reader{background:var(--ds-bg,#f4f7f8);color:var(--ds-text,#203246)}
.news-reader[open]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.reader-toolbar,.reader-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding:10px 16px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);flex-shrink:0}
.reader-toolbar h2{font-size:1rem;margin:0}.reader-toolbar [data-reader-count]{margin-left:auto;font-size:.85rem}
.reader-auto-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;flex-shrink:0;position:relative;color:var(--ds-text,#203246)}.reader-auto-bar [data-reader-auto]{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:4px;min-width:68px;padding:6px 9px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid #d4e1e8;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);font-size:12px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.reader-auto-bar [data-reader-auto][aria-pressed=true]{background:#1f5f8b;color:#fff;border-color:#1f5f8b}.reader-auto-bar [data-reader-auto] i{font-size:19px}.reader-auto-options>summary{display:grid;place-items:center;list-style:none;cursor:pointer;min-width:44px;min-height:44px;border-radius:50%}.reader-auto-options>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.reader-auto-options[open]>label,.reader-auto-options[open]>small{position:absolute;right:0;width:210px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);padding:12px;border:1px solid #d4e1e8;z-index:4;box-sizing:border-box}.reader-auto-options>label{top:48px;border-radius:12px 12px 0 0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;font-size:13px;box-shadow:0 8px 22px #132d431a}.reader-auto-options>small{top:111px;border-top:0!important;border-radius:0 0 12px 12px;font-size:11px}.reader-auto-options select{min-height:40px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);color:inherit;border:1px solid #bdcdd8;border-radius:8px;padding:6px}.reader-auto-bar.is-loading [data-reader-auto] i{display:none}.reader-auto-bar.is-loading [data-reader-auto]::before{content:'';width:15px;height:15px;border:2px solid currentColor;border-right-color:transparent;border-radius:50%;animation:reader-loading .8s linear infinite}.reader-original-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px}.reader-toolbar{gap:6px;position:relative;z-index:2}.reader-toolbar [data-reader-close]{padding:6px;min-width:44px;border-color:transparent}.reader-toolbar [data-reader-count]{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.reader-toolbar h2{font-size:14px;min-width:0}.reader-auto-options summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1f5f8b;outline-offset:2px}@keyframes reader-loading{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media(max-width:430px){.reader-toolbar{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}.reader-toolbar h2{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}.reader-toolbar [data-reader-count]{margin-left:0;margin-right:auto}.reader-body{padding:8px}.reader-controls{gap:8px;padding-top:6px}.reader-controls button{font-size:12px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.reader-body>.entry-card{animation:none}.reader-progress span{transition:none}}
.reader-body{flex:1;min-height:0;overflow-y:auto;overscroll-behavior-y:contain;padding:20px max(16px,calc((100vw - 760px)/2));touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom}
.reader-body .entry-card{margin:0}.reader-body .entry-content{display:none}.reader-body .reader-full-content{display:block!important;white-space:normal;overflow-wrap:anywhere;line-height:1.8;margin-top:16px}
.reader-controls{padding-bottom:max(10px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom))}.reader-controls span{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ds-muted,#64748b)}
[data-reader-pagination]{text-align:center;padding:8px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff)}
html.moc-dialog-open{overflow:hidden}
@media(max-width:600px){.reader-controls span{display:none}.reader-body{padding:12px}.reader-toolbar{padding-top:max(10px,env(safe-area-inset-top))}.media-toolbar{padding-top:max(10px,env(safe-area-inset-top))}.media-prev,.media-next{top:auto;bottom:max(12px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom))}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.swipe-gallery{scroll-behavior:auto!important}}

/* IELTS navigation: one visual system for desktop sidebar and mobile drawer. */
.learning-nav__head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:7px 8px 15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ds-line,#dce7e4)}.learning-logo{display:flex!important;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-width:0;color:var(--ds-text,#203246)!important;text-decoration:none}.learning-logo__mark{display:grid;place-items:center;flex:0 0 38px;width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:13px;background:linear-gradient(145deg,#1d766f,#245a52);color:#fff;font-weight:800;font-size:16px;box-shadow:0 7px 15px rgba(29,118,111,.2)}.learning-logo strong,.learning-logo small{display:block}.learning-logo strong{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:-.01em}.learning-logo small{margin-top:2px;color:var(--ds-muted,#64748b);font-size:10px;font-weight:600}.learning-nav .nav-caption{margin:18px 9px 7px;color:var(--ds-muted,#64748b);font-size:10px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.11em}.learning-nav__primary,.nav-secondary{display:grid;gap:4px}.learning-nav a{display:flex!important;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-width:0;min-height:44px;padding:10px 11px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:12px;color:var(--ds-muted,#64748b);font-size:14px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.25;text-decoration:none;transition:background .16s ease,border-color .16s ease,color .16s ease,transform .16s ease}.learning-nav a i{display:grid;place-items:center;flex:0 0 20px;width:20px;font-size:16px}.learning-nav a span{min-width:0}.learning-nav a:hover{background:#f4f8f7;border-color:#e0ece8;color:var(--ds-primary,#167d78);transform:translateX(2px)}.learning-nav a[aria-current=page]{position:relative;border-color:#d5eae6;background:#e4f2f2;color:var(--ds-primary,#167d78);font-weight:800;box-shadow:0 3px 10px rgba(25,100,91,.06)}.learning-nav a[aria-current=page]::before{position:absolute;left:-1px;width:3px;height:22px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;background:currentColor;content:""}.learning-nav .nav-secondary{margin-top:18px;padding-top:13px;border-top:1px solid var(--ds-line,#dce7e4)}.learning-nav .nav-secondary .nav-caption{margin-top:0}.learning-nav .nav-secondary a{min-height:40px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.learning-nav .nav-footnote{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin:16px 2px 0;padding:11px 12px;border:1px solid #dcebe7;border-radius:12px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f0f8f5,#f8fbfa);color:#3f625b;font-size:11px;line-height:1.45}.learning-nav .nav-footnote i{font-size:16px;color:#2f897e}

@media(min-width:992px){
 .learning-enhanced .learning-backdrop{display:none!important}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav,.learning-enhanced:not(.learning-menu-open) .learning-nav{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column;position:fixed;top:68px;left:0;bottom:0;width:258px;height:auto;margin:0;padding:18px 14px;overflow-y:auto;border:0;border-right:1px solid var(--ds-line,#dce7e4);border-radius:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--ds-surface,#fff) 0%,#fbfdfc 100%);box-shadow:8px 0 24px rgba(20,57,49,.035);z-index:100}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav .learning-close{display:none!important}
 .learning-shell.learning-enhanced main.container,.learning-shell.learning-enhanced.learning-menu-open main.container{padding:30px 32px!important}
}

@media(max-width:991px){
 html.learning-menu-open,body.learning-menu-open{overflow:hidden;overscroll-behavior:none}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-backdrop{display:none!important;position:fixed!important;inset:0!important;width:100%!important;height:100dvh!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important;border-radius:0!important;background:rgba(10,27,24,.56)!important;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);z-index:1200!important}
 .learning-enhanced.learning-menu-open .learning-backdrop{display:block!important}
 .learning-enhanced:not(.learning-menu-open) .learning-nav{display:flex!important;visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important;transform:translateX(-104%)!important}
 .learning-enhanced.learning-menu-open .learning-nav{display:flex!important;visibility:visible!important;pointer-events:auto!important;transform:translateX(0)!important;transition-delay:0s}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column;position:fixed!important;inset:0 auto 0 0!important;width:84vw!important;max-width:352px!important;height:100dvh!important;min-height:100dvh!important;margin:0!important;padding:calc(18px + env(safe-area-inset-top)) 16px calc(16px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom))!important;border:0!important;border-radius:0 22px 22px 0!important;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff)!important;box-shadow:18px 0 46px rgba(10,30,21,.28)!important;overflow-y:auto!important;overscroll-behavior:contain;z-index:1201!important;transform:translateX(-104%);transition:transform .24s ease,visibility 0s linear .24s;will-change:transform}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav__head{min-height:44px;padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ds-line,#dce7e4)}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav .learning-close{display:grid!important;place-items:center;flex:0 0 40px;width:40px;height:40px;margin-left:auto;border:1px solid var(--ds-line,#dce7e4);border-radius:12px;background:var(--ds-soft,#eef4f2);color:var(--ds-text,#203246);font-size:15px}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav .nav-caption{margin-top:17px}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav a{min-height:47px;padding:11px 12px}
 .learning-enhanced .learning-nav .nav-secondary{margin-top:17px;padding-top:12px}
 .learning-shell.learning-enhanced.learning-menu-open main.container{margin-left:0!important;width:100%!important;padding-top:76px!important}
}
/* Social-style gallery presentation */
.media-lightbox{background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 35%,#1a2b3d 0%,#080d18 68%);backdrop-filter:blur(8px)}.media-toolbar{min-height:72px;padding:12px 18px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,13,24,.84),transparent);color:#fff}.media-toolbar>span{font-size:.9rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.02em}.media-toolbar button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:44px;height:42px;border:1px solid #ffffff35;border-radius:12px;background:#ffffff14;color:#fff;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:700;backdrop-filter:blur(8px)}.media-toolbar button:hover{background:#ffffff2b;border-color:#ffffff66}.media-stage img{max-width:calc(100% - 96px);max-height:calc(100% - 40px);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 18px 60px #0008;animation:gallery-fade .2s ease}.media-prev,.media-next{display:grid;place-items:center;width:48px;height:48px;border:1px solid #ffffff36!important;border-radius:50%!important;background:#102235cc!important;color:#fff!important;box-shadow:0 8px 24px #0005;font-size:1.1rem}.media-prev:hover,.media-next:hover{background:#1f5f8bee!important;transform:scale(1.05)}.gallery-controls{gap:12px;margin:10px 0 18px}.gallery-controls span{min-width:54px;text-align:center;color:#5f7582;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.gallery-controls button{width:38px;min-width:38px!important;height:38px;min-height:38px!important;border-radius:50%!important;padding:0!important}@keyframes gallery-fade{from{opacity:.35;transform:scale(.985)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}@media(max-width:600px){.media-stage img{max-width:calc(100% - 28px);max-height:calc(100% - 24px);border-radius:6px}.media-prev,.media-next{bottom:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));width:46px;height:46px}.media-prev{left:18px}.media-next{right:18px}.media-toolbar{padding-inline:14px}}
/* Thumbnail rail for a polished social gallery. */
.media-thumbs{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:8px;max-width:min(760px,calc(100vw - 32px));margin:0 auto 14px;padding:7px;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none}.media-thumbs::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.media-thumb{flex:0 0 54px;width:54px;height:54px;padding:2px;border:1px solid #ffffff35;border-radius:9px;background:#ffffff12;opacity:.58;transition:opacity .16s,border-color .16s,transform .16s}.media-thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;display:block;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px}.media-thumb:hover,.media-thumb.is-active{opacity:1;border-color:#8bd0d2;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 5px 14px #0005}.media-thumb[aria-current=true]{outline:2px solid #65b9c2;outline-offset:1px}@media(max-width:600px){.media-thumbs{justify-content:flex-start;max-width:calc(100vw - 24px);margin-bottom:max(10px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom))}.media-thumb{flex-basis:48px;width:48px;height:48px}.media-stage{margin-bottom:2px}}
/* Keep article galleries static; slideshow is reserved for the lightbox. */
.image-grid.swipe-gallery{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));flex-wrap:initial;gap:3px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;scroll-snap-type:none;aspect-ratio:auto}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a{display:block;flex:initial;width:auto;min-width:0;aspect-ratio:1/1;max-height:none;scroll-snap-align:none;border-radius:0}.image-grid.swipe-gallery img{width:100%;height:100%!important;max-height:none!important;object-fit:cover}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls{display:none}@media(max-width:575px){.image-grid.swipe-gallery{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:3px}.image-grid.swipe-gallery.count-1{grid-template-columns:1fr}.image-grid.swipe-gallery.count-1>a{aspect-ratio:auto}.image-grid.swipe-gallery.count-1 img{height:auto!important;object-fit:contain}}
/* Single-hero carousel inside each post. */
.image-grid.swipe-gallery{display:flex!important;flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:0;padding:0;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scrollbar-width:none;border:1px solid #dce8ec;border-radius:15px;background:#eef4f6;aspect-ratio:16/10}.image-grid.swipe-gallery::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:0 0 100%;width:100%;min-width:100%;height:100%;aspect-ratio:auto;max-height:none;scroll-snap-align:center;scroll-snap-stop:always;background:#f1f6f7}.image-grid.swipe-gallery img{width:100%;height:100%!important;max-height:none!important;object-fit:contain;object-position:center}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:12px;margin:8px 0 16px}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls button{width:34px;min-width:34px!important;height:34px;min-height:34px!important;border-radius:50%!important;padding:0!important;border-color:#c8dce2;background:#fff;color:#2d6174}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls span{min-width:48px;color:#637d88;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:750;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}@media(max-width:575px){.image-grid.swipe-gallery{aspect-ratio:4/3;border-radius:13px}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls{margin-bottom:12px}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls button{width:38px;min-width:38px!important;height:38px;min-height:38px!important}}
.image-grid.swipe-gallery{border-color:#263744!important;background:#0b1117!important;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(8,16,24,.18)}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a{background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 42%,#1b2934 0%,#0b1117 72%)}.image-grid.swipe-gallery img{filter:saturate(.98);transition:transform .25s ease}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a:hover img{transform:scale(1.012)}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls button{border-color:#344957!important;background:#16242e!important;color:#d7e8ed!important;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(8,16,24,.2)}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls button:hover:not(:disabled){background:#245367!important;border-color:#5d9caf!important}.image-grid.swipe-gallery + .gallery-controls span{color:#7895a0!important}.media-lightbox{background:#05090d!important}.media-stage{background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 42%,#162531 0%,#05090d 72%)}
.gallery-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin:12px 0 7px;padding:5px 9px;border:1px solid #cfdee3;border-radius:8px;background:#eef5f6;color:#486f7c;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:750}.gallery-badge i{font-size:.85rem;color:#2d7884}.image-grid.swipe-gallery+.gallery-controls{margin-top:7px}
/* Deterministic in-post slide: one active image, no scroll dependency. */
.image-grid.swipe-gallery{position:relative!important;display:block!important;overflow:hidden!important;aspect-ratio:16/10!important}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a{position:absolute!important;inset:0!important;display:flex!important;width:100%!important;height:100%!important;min-width:0!important;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transform:translateX(14px);transition:opacity .22s ease,transform .22s ease}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a.is-gallery-active{position:relative!important;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:none;z-index:1}.image-grid.swipe-gallery>a img{width:100%!important;height:100%!important;object-fit:contain!important}@media(max-width:575px){.image-grid.swipe-gallery{aspect-ratio:4/3!important}}
.reader-progress{height:3px;flex:0 0 3px;background:#dce8ec}.reader-progress span{display:block;width:0;height:100%;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#167d78,#1f5f8b);transition:width .22s ease}.reader-body>.entry-card{animation:reader-enter .2s ease}@keyframes reader-enter{from{opacity:.4;transform:translateX(12px)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}
.gallery-controls [data-gallery-autoplay]{display:grid!important;place-items:center;width:32px;min-width:32px!important;height:32px;min-height:32px!important;padding:0!important;border-radius:50%!important}.gallery-controls [data-gallery-autoplay][aria-pressed=true]{background:#1f5f8b!important;color:#fff!important;border-color:#1f5f8b!important}.gallery-autoplay-progress{position:relative!important;display:none!important;flex:0 0 34px!important;min-width:34px!important;height:3px!important;margin:0!important;overflow:hidden;border-radius:99px;background:#c5d8de}.gallery-autoplay-progress.is-running{display:block!important}.gallery-autoplay-progress.is-running::after{position:absolute;inset:0;content:"";transform-origin:left;background:#1f5f8b;animation:gallery-autoplay 4.5s linear infinite}@keyframes gallery-autoplay{from{transform:scaleX(0)}to{transform:scaleX(1)}}
.media-toolbar [data-lightbox-download]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:44px;height:42px;border:1px solid #ffffff35;border-radius:12px;background:#ffffff14;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;backdrop-filter:blur(8px)}.media-toolbar [data-lightbox-download]:hover{background:#ffffff2b;border-color:#ffffff66;color:#fff}
.reader-auto-options>.reader-options-panel{display:none}.reader-auto-options[open]>.reader-options-panel{position:absolute;display:grid;gap:10px;right:0;top:48px;width:min(280px,calc(100vw - 80px));max-height:calc(100dvh - 150px);overflow-y:auto;padding:14px;border:1px solid #d4e1e8;border-radius:12px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);color:var(--ds-text,#203246);box-shadow:0 10px 28px #132d4330;z-index:5}.reader-options-panel>label{position:static;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;min-height:44px;margin:0;font-size:14px}.reader-options-panel input[type=checkbox]{width:20px;height:20px;flex:none;accent-color:#1f5f8b}.reader-options-panel>small{position:static;display:block;line-height:1.5;font-size:12px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.reader-options-panel>button,.reader-options-panel>.reader-still-mode{position:static!important;width:100%;min-height:44px;margin:0!important;padding:10px;border:1px solid #bdcdd8;border-radius:9px;background:var(--ds-surface,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:13px;white-space:normal}.reader-options-panel>button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #77a6bd;outline-offset:2px}
.reader-options-panel select{min-width:0;max-width:65%;font-size:13px;text-overflow:ellipsis}.reader-options-panel>label{flex-wrap:wrap}